This study provides new information concerning specific training exercises that elicit a higher vertically-directed ground reaction force (GRF); a key factor in determining maximum mph speed.
Abstract
External load training (ELT) is a supplemental training method used to potentially improve high intensity task performance. However, biomechanical parameters such as ground reaction forces (GRF), ground contact time, and time to peak GRF during a drop vertical jump (DVJ) following an ELT intervention have yet to be examined. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of ELT on certain biomechanical parameters of a DVJ task. Well-trained females stratified into two groups (ELT = 9, Control = 10) completed a DVJ from a 45.72 cm box onto a force platform at baseline, post-ELT, and post-detraining (DET). ELT consisted of wearing weight vests (WV) with 8% body mass for 32 h/week during daily living and 3 training sessions/week for 3 weeks. After ELT, a 3 week DET phase was completed. The control group replicated procedures without ELT intervention. The vertical, medial/lateral, and anterior/posterior components of the GRF were assessed during the initial contact, minimum force following initial contact, push-off, and second landing periods. Dependent variables were analyzed using a 2 (group) × 3 (time) mixed model ANOVA (p < .05). Significantly greater peak vertical GRF during the initial contact period was identified for the ELT group. Significant increases in the minimum vertical GRF following the initial contact period from baseline to post-ELT following the were observed for the ELT group, while significant increases in peak vertical GRF during the second landing period at post-ELT and post-DET in comparison to baseline was observed for both groups. The combination of greater vertical GRF during the initial contact period and the period following initial contact suggests that ELT may increase GRFs during a DVJ in comparison to routine training without a weighted vest.
Coaching Application
The drop vertical jump exercise should be a regular part of a training program to increase vertically-directed ground reaction force and the maximum speed phase of a sprint.
Reference
Jeffrey D. Simpson, Brandon L. Miller, Erik K. O”Neal, Harish Chandlerr and Adam C. Knight. 2018. Ground reaction forces during a drop vertical jump: Impact of external load training.Human Movement Science Volume 59, June 2018, Pages 12-19
